Everything about Fraxinus Pennsylvanica totally explained
Fraxinus pennsylvanica (
Green Ash or
Red Ash) is a species of
ash native to eastern and central
North America, from
Nova Scotia west to southeastern
Alberta and eastern
Colorado, south to northern
Florida, and southwest to eastern
Texas.
It is a medium-sized
deciduous tree reaching 12-25 m (rarely to 45 m) tall with a trunk up to 60 cm in diameter. The
bark is smooth and gray on young trees, becoming thick and fissured with age. The winter buds are reddish-brown, with a velvety texture. The
leaves are 15-30 cm long, pinnately compound with seven to nine (occasionally five or eleven) leaflets, these 5–15 cm (rarely 18 cm) long and 1.2–9 cm broad, with serrated margins and short but distinct, downy
petiolules a few millimeters long. They are green both above and below. The autumn color is golden-yellow, and the tree is usually the earliest to change color, sometimes being in autumn color as early as
Labor Day. The
flowers are produced in spring at the same time as the new leaves, in compact
panicles; they're inconspicuous with no petals, and are wind-pollinated. The
fruit is a
samara 2.5-7.5 cm long comprising a single
seed 1.5-3 cm long with an elongated apical wing 2-4 cm long and 3-7 mm broad.
It is sometimes divided into two
varieties,
Fraxinus pennsylvanica var.
pennsylvanica (Red Ash) and
Fraxinus pennsylvanica var.
lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg. (syn. var.
subintegerrima (Vahl) Fern.; Green Ash) on the basis of the hairless leaves with narrower leaflets of the latter, but the two intergrade completely, and the distinction is no longer upheld by most botanists.
It is seriously threatened in some areas, particularly
Michigan, by the
emerald ash borer, a
beetle introduced accidentally from
Asia to which it has no natural resistance.
Uses
Green Ash is one of the most widely planted
ornamental trees throughout the
United States and much of
Canada, including in western areas where it isn't native. Is also widely planted in
Argentina. It is very popular due to its good form and resistance to disease. About 40% of boulevard trees in
Edmonton, Alberta are Green Ash. It has several drawbacks as an urban tree, notably a relatively short lifespan compared to many trees (rarely over 100 years, often only 30-50 years), and more recently, the threat from the emerald ash borer. Advantages include its tolerance of urban conditions, ease of propagation, and (in eastern North America) its value for wildlife as a native species.
Green Ash
wood is similar in properties to
White Ash wood, and is marketed together as "white ash". The commercial supply is mostly in the South. It is very popular, used in making
guitars due it its tonal characteristics. It has a bright sound with long sustain, plus the wood grain is aesthetically desirable to many guitar players. Gibson, Fender, Ibanez, and many luthiers use ash in the construction of their guitars.
Other names more rarely used include downy ash, swamp ash and water ash.
Further Information
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